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May 11, 2008 / 6 Iyyar 5768
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House Of Worship : Parashah (Torah)
Behar

Parashat Behar, is one of the shortest found in the Torah.  It covers Leviticus 25-26:2, and only the last four sections of the entire Torah cover less information.  It commences with an interesting choice of language:  "Adonai spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai."  Some might view this as an implication that the rest of the portions were NOT spoken to Moses on Sinai; yet we have the tradition that the entire Torah was given at Sinai.  Behar is, however, the only portion that includes this introduction.

The Bechukotai parasha is the last of the book of Leviticus.  Leviticus 26:3-13 tells all the wonderful things God will do for the Hebrews living in the Land of Israel if they keep the covenant.

Verses 14-45 describe all the terrible things that will happen if the Hebrews break the covenant. There was a time when no one wanted the dubious honor of being called to the Torah to recite the blessings before and after this portion. In the 1920's it was a custom to have a pre-Bar Mitzvah actually read this chapter. Today the minhag is to call the Rabbi or the Torah reader himself for this portion. The Tochacha is always contained within one Aliya that begins and ends on cheerier notes. This is the reason for the wildly disparate distribution of verses among the Aliyot of this sedra.

Verse 46 finishes the Holiness Code begun back in Leviticus 18.

Chapter 27 ends the book of Leviticus with a price valuation of different people and animals. It apparently was a custom in Torah times to swear "on the life" of a family member or an owned beast. The Torah provides the actual "cost" in silver for each relative based on gender and age.

Chapter 25 covers the following major topics:  Shmitta (the Seventh Year) and Yovel (the Fiftieth Year).  God commands us to plough, plant, tend and reap our produce for six years in the Land of Israel.  The seventh year is to be a Shabbat of complete rest for the land.  None of the commanded actions of the first six years are to take place.  God provides the people a guarantee of sorts, assuring that the portions of the sixth year of the seven-year cycle will be incredibly plentiful.  In this way there will be no suffering in either the seventh or the eighth year (the first year of a new cycle, in which we plant but do not yet reap).  The text notes that the land belongs to God and has rights; we are merely tenants upon it.

The Yovel (Jubilee Year) was the fiftieth year of a seven-times-seven year cycle. On the Day of Atonement of that year, the shofar was sounded and all lands returned to their original tribes and their original owners. The text says, "You will proclaim release throughout the land for all its inhabitants."   On an interesting side note, this was incorrectly translated as, "...Proclaim liberty through all the land to all the inhabitants thereof," and was engraved on the Liberty Bell, now in Philadelphia.

The chapter continues with elaborations about the effects of the Yovel on the status of homes in cities, slaves, and Hebrews who had to sell themselves to non-Hebrews. It contains the prohibition against lending money with interest and forbids all forms of usury.  Behar ends with a prohibition against a variety of idolatrous practices: setting up idols, carved images, pillars, or standing stones.

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